The Great Sphinx of Egypt

                                                           The Great Sphinx



    One of the Egypt's national wonders, and one of the greatest wonders of the world, is the Sphinx. It remains the world's largest stone figure since it's creation. The Sphinx is 73 metres long, 20 metres high and 19 metre wide. It was curved out of a solid piece of limestone outcropping. This limestone has an interesting geology, and that it's hardness changes as elevation changes.

      It has been considered by many to be built during the Old Kingdom of Egypt, but there is no inscription or record as to who built  the Sphinx or the date of it's construction. Any suggestion to the origin of the Sphinx , can only be based on circumstantial evidence.

     The ancient Egyptians never called the Sphinx by that name, in fact no name was attached to the Sphinx until the New Kingdom. It was then called "Horus of the Horizon" possible due to the Sphinx looking directly east towards the Horizon, as if waiting for the Sun to rise. This name can be verified by a stele found at the foot of the Sphinx, that is often refereed to as the "dream stele". In the writings from the "dream stele", a young prince falls asleep under the Great Sphinx, after taking a walk. He then has a dream in which the God of the Sphinx promises to make him King if he digs him out of the sand. The young prince then digs out the Sphinx uncovering it's paws and  then places a stele at the feet of the Great statue to remember the event.

      In fact the Great Sphinx was buried to it's neck for most of it's existence. It wasn't until 1936 that the statue was completely uncovered, by an explorer Emile Baraize. There is evidence to support that after King Cambyses and  the Persians in 525 BC  conquered Egypt, that the Sphinx would have fallen into neglect until uncovered in 1936. Many now question the massive amounts of erosion on the body of the Sphinx, when for the most part of the Sphinx's existence, it was buried. Would this not indicate a far older Sphinx than previously thought?


                           


Photo from the early 1870's, some excavations were done.

                                Was the Sphinx a Lion

      The word, 'Sphinx" is from Greek mythology, not Egyptian, and  the statue only assumed this name in modern times.  The Egyptians made NO mention that this huge monolithic structure was even a lion, or any animal for that matter. The idea that the Sphinx was a Lion was strictly a modern vision of the figure.

      In ancient Egyptian's mythology, the Egyptians had a lion goddess named Sekhmet. Sekhmet had the body of a woman and the head of a lion. She was a warrior goddess. On top of her headdress was a solar disk.

                                             

                                            

                                             
                                       
                                   


       The other Lion goddess of the Egyptians was Ammut. Ammut had the head of a crocodile and the body of a lion and hippopotamus, illustrated above.


        Neither of these two Lion goddess's seem in any way related to the Sphinx.

How did the Egyptians represent Lions in their reliefs and mythological art?

   







    Noted above are three forms that the Egyptians depicted Lions in their art. The only art form that closely resembles the Spinx is the first one. Please note that all these lions have NO necks. There heads are attached almost to their shoulders as in nature. The first Lion pose in a laying position is very rare in ancient Egyptian art. Almost all are more related to the side pose,(2nd fig.) which again is true to nature.

  Now compare that to the Sphinx.

                                     
                                 

    The above picture of the Sphinx shows a well defined neck. A neck that held the head of the Sphinx completely upright and erect. In the Egyptian depiction of the Lion, the Lion's head is straight ahead of the shoulders, and does not sit upright, which is contrary to the Sphinx.

    So the question is what is the Sphinx, and what did it represent to the Egyptians?

    Anubis, the Jackal God of the Egyptians, was one of the most important and well documented Gods of the Egyptians. He was depicted in almost every scene in Egyptian reliefs and paintings. The High Priest would wear his headdress, that depicted the jackal, on certain occasions.

    Anubis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom on the pyramid text, as he was closely associated with the burial of the Kings of Egypt. Anubis is the protector of the dead and their mummification. Anubis was the protector of the dead on their journey into after life. Anubis then fits perfectly into the surrounding architecture of the area. The three pyramids. He's protecting the dead Kings of Egypt on their journey into afterlife.

     Noted below how Anubis is depicted in Egyptian art form.  

                 

Anubis is always depicted in this laying state. Notice that Anubis has a neck that holds the head of the jackal upright exactly like the Sphinx.

     Now why would the "dream stele", call the Sphinx " Horus of the Horizon". Anubis and Horus were 1/2 brothers, and later in Egyptian mythology these two Gods were joined and eventually Anubis is replaced by Horus. This was possibly done as a political move by the priests. It is therefore understandable that the "dream stele" would name the Sphinx, Horus of the Horizon.

     The most intriguing question is now what happened to the head of the Jackal of Anubis? It would seem that as the importance of Anubis diminished it led to a new King of Egypt to super impose his facial image on the body of the Jackal. It would appear that this King came from the Middle Kingdom.

     A German Archaeologist, Ludwig Barchardt, prior to the excavation of the Sphinx, was able to stand in front of the Sphinx's head and do an in-depth study. He determined by the style of how the eyes were painted in a stylized stripes, that the Sphinx's head had to be from the Middle Kingdom. He also noted the stripe patterns of the headdress worn by the Sphinx. This was only worn by a King of Egypt, and this King could only be from the middle kingdom. The pattern of stripes on the Headdress defined the period which that King reigned.

      We  know the Sphinx was much older than the Egyptian Middle Kingdom, so this all lends itself to the theory that a King from the Middle Kingdom, did a massive amount of architectural renovation on the head of the Sphinx. Who was this King?? There is the usual suspects.

     The most likely to fit the suspect list would be Amenemhat 2. Amenemhat 2 was the third King of the Middle Kingdom. There is two very convincing arguments that point to this King in the Middle Kingdom to have carved his image on the face of the Sphinx.

1st. There is an actual Sphinx carved from pink granite that has been found with Amenemhat 2 name inscribed in it. This Sphinx now resides in the Louvre in Paris. This art form, became more popular years later following the 18th dynasty.



     Take note that the body of the statue is actually a Lion, and it has NO neck. The head is attached directly forward of the shoulders. This would lend itself to believe that after Amenemhat 2 had this statue commissioned, he later got the idea to transform the Great Sphinx, using a similar design. A grander scale of the same image.

2nd. The image itself resembles the Sphinx's facial features.




     Notice the overly large size of the eyes and the expression on the mouth, and the size of the nose. (Refer back to the above image) It's almost an enlarged baby face.  These features are almost identical to the features on the Sphinx.

     This all points to the fact that our preconceived ideas of the Sphinx are wrong.



 

The Akkadians

                                        The Rise and Fall of the Semitic Akkad

           To the north of the Sumerians came a new race of people The Akkadians. These people were not of the same race or seed as the Sumerians, but were the first Semitic people on earth.  They were to be called Akkadians, named after their capital Akkad or Agade meaning born of Akkad. In Genesis 10:10 it mentions Akkad, pronouncing it Accad or in Greek Archad. Their God was Dagan as Akkadians were primarily monotheist. Dagan was an extremely diminutive god of the Sumerians, but rose quickly to power as God of the Akkadians. The rise of the Akkadians as a military power, and an economic force can be attributed to their King. This King line would not only prove to be militarily aggressive, but very short lived.

            In the Nineveh tablets, it speaks of a Great King, called Sargon. The text is in the first person, as if Sargon is speaking. “ My mother a high priestess conceived me, in secret she brought me forth. She placed me in a basket of reeds, she closed my entrance with bitumen, she cast me upon the river.” He tells of his birth, which is illegitimate from a royal priestess. He never knows his father, but his mother is ashamed and makes a basket out of reeds, which she puts her baby in, then seals the cover with bitumen. She then puts the basket in the Euphrates river, near the palace, where the palace gardener finds him. Sargon himself says he is the son of a gardener. Before long, Sargon is chief cup holder to the King, and then through a series of events becomes King. From that point on Sargon starts a war of domination over the entire Fertile Crescent.

            Moses also would have studied Sargon, who was well respected and admired in ancient times, particularity by the Babylonians who saw him as a prototype, of kingdom building.


                                              
                                                                                                                 



            In Moses own account in Exodus 2:1-3 it compares as, “But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar and pitch. Then she placed the child in it and put it among the reeds along the bank of the Nile.”  Notice the account of Sargon and the Bibles account of Moses are exactly the same, even the the use of bitumen on the reed basket is the same, with the only difference being the river Euphrates being exchanged for Nile.

            Was Moses too quick to transcribe Sargon's birth account without fully aware that bitumen does not exist in the Nile delta? The lower Sumer valley, today known as Kuwait, has a large supply of bitumen that seeps through the ground, from Kuwait's large oil deposits. The ancients used this heat source to smelter copper, gold and their most sought after metal, bismuth, which they mined in the neighbouring regions. Ancient people in the area also used bitumen as mortar in their temple construction.

                                     
Figure above;
              These are the original tiles unearthed in Babylon's main street. These tiles used Bitumen as grout which is still visible.

            Contrary to Moses account, bitumen does not exist in the Nile river or the Nile delta. In Moses haste to plagiarize Sargon's birth account he failed to realize that the Nile and the Euphrates have a different geology. A simple mistake, but with huge ramifications.

            Sargon the Great, as soon as he became King of Aggad, set about to become totally different in every aspects to the Sumerians, the peoples to the south, as if to mock or defy them. The Sumerian had a long and symbiotic relationship with their Great Gods, the Anunnaki. In contrast Sargon wishes to distance himself from this working relationship. Sargon imposes a new posture of defiance to the Anunnaki and their counsel. This is in total contrast to the Sumerians who were in compliance to working with the Anunnaki.  Sargon now shows by his fractious behavior, that he is against the existing Anunnaki arrangement. He now dresses as if to copy the Anunnaki, wearing the same toga style clothing, and wearing his hair long, with the long braided beards that the Anunnaki have long worn to identify them as who they are and their position on earth, as if to defy his authority. Sargon even goes further in his act of being total presumptuous against the Anunnaki and that is to wear the head dress of the Annuna, the inverted horns, signifying their exulted position. No one previously in history has ever acted in such a manner of total rebellion, and disregard against the Anunnaki.

            Sargon now calls himself the, “anointed priest of Anu”. These acts of presumptuousness were now magnified by Sargon's military conquest of the Sumerian people, who the Anunnaki had a long and peaceful relationship with. The great Sumerian city of Uruk, probably the most populated city on earth at that time, was sacked and is walls dismantled, while the city of Kazalla was put to a state of total waste, that is said,  “that a bird could not find a perch.”

            Naram-Sin, his grandson, takes these acts of defiance a step further, by giving himself the title, Master of the Universe, and proclaiming himself a God. He is the first King in history to deify himself. For a King of earth to proclaim himself master of the universe is a direct act of contempt against the Anunnaki.

            We know now that Dagan their God, was apart of this rebellion, that Dagan had assisted Sargon and his King line in their quest for an earthly Kingdom of Semites.  Sargon's own testimony states he visited and worshiped at the Holy Temple at Tuttul, the temple of Dagan.  Dagan was called in the diggings at Mari, from those recovered cuneiform texts, the “Creator of Heaven and Earth”.

             Does this sound familiar? Psalm 134:3 says that Yahweh is the “Creator of Heaven and Earth.” From an almost unknown God at the time of the Sumerians, to now being the Creator of Heaven and Earth is quite a step up the ladder of expectations. Dagan wanted to extend his power and those that worshipped him, by using the forces of Sargon and his family line. Sargon's grandson Naram-Sin extended this dynasty of further conquests, but one conquest grabbed the attention of the Anunnaki, and they finally awoke to these Semite wrongdoings. This act was the destruction of the city Nippur and the sacking of the temple to Enlil, whom was the head of the Anunnaki counsel. This finally brought the condemnation of the Anunnaki against the Akkadians. The Sumerian texts speaks of a curse that was brought upon the Akkadians for their murderous acts. For many years this was thought to be a myth, but recent discoveries from diggings have proved much of this to be true. This is evident from the dig site at Tel LeiLan, which points to a drought that may have lasted upwards to 300 hundred years. This city was abandoned and from the soil samples, of a large layer of fine wind blown sand, there appears to be no human activity, for a long extended period.

           

            Text reads:      “For the first time since cities were built and founded

                                    The great agricultural track provided no grain

                                    The inundated tracts produced no fish.........

                                    People were flailing themselves for hungry”

            This was called the Curse of Akkad, and now can be proven that the land, came under a large protracted drought, that lasted for many years. Enlil though, would take further steps to stop these Akkadians, in their destructive path.

                                   

            The Sumerian text reads:
 “Enlil the roaring storm that subjugates the entire land, the rising deluge that cannot be confronted, was considering what should be destroyed in return for wrecking of his beloved E-kur.....Enlil brought out of the mountains those who do not resemble other people, who are not reckoned as part of the land. The Gutians, an unbridled people, with human intelligence, but canine instinct and monkey's features.”

            As history cannot dispute, the Gutian hordes came through the land of Akkad, and annihilated the seed of Dagan. The King line of Sargon was terminated with the death of the son of Naram-Sin. The Akkadians brief history as the dominate political force was short lived. Their great city of Agade was so completely destroyed, that it has never been found to this day, or even any evidence where that city might have been located. So total and complete was the destruction, that it ended Dagan's attempt to have his seed become the masters of the world, at least for a time. 

            This all seems to be confirmed, by the Sumerian King List, which kept records of the Kings and their reigns.  After the death of Car-Kali-carri, son of Naram-Sin, the King List states, “Who was King, Who indeed was King.” This indicates that there was a period after the end of the Sargon King line, that the entire area fell into political turmoil. No central government, and no ruling power or authority. With Gutian hordes sacking city after city, and the region confronting a drought of mammoth portions, it must have been a difficult period to exist.

For Further readings;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2013/06/the-sumerians.html

           

Azazel and the Book of Enoch

                                                             Book Of Enoch

     The Book of Enoch was an ancient manuscript found in caves in Ethiopia, mostly written in a language called Geez, but some text is also in Aramaic, Greek and Latin

     The text relates an ancient pre-flood story, that entails 200 Watchers, or angels that make a pact amoungst themselves. This pact involves taking for themselves the most desirable women of the earth, and mating with them. It also involves using the secrets of heaven and teaching mankind these secrets, that were never to be known to man.

     These Watchers, had leaders, leaders of 10 and counsel leaders. The most important of the watchers had names that were recorded by Enoch. Semjaza was their leader, and he gathered the Watchers together on Mount Hermon, an ancient place of gathering, where they formulated their plan and swore to it.

    The 200 Watchers descended upon mankind, and cohabited with the women of the earth, whom bore them giants. Nefilim in the Bible. Giants of tremendous size. These giants ate all the produce of man, then turned on mankind itself and devoured man and animal alike. The Watches not only bred with the women of mankind, but also bred with animals, that produced what Enoch calls monsters. The greatest of these monsters was named Leviathan. Mankind and animals alike are not able to inter bred between species, because our DNA is so dissimilar, but apparently the Watchers DNA was able to bred with numerous species, some completely different genetically.


        


                 



            
         
In Sumerian art there is often depictions of a 1/2 man monsters and also the famous Minotaur of Greece is similar in content. Could these be the results of monsters named in the Book of Enoch.

     The names of the leaders of the 200 Watchers, (notice the similarity to the 300 Annunaki in the Sumerian text that came down to earth to administer the fate of man), are listed in the Book of Enoch. Danel, Turel, Rameel are a few, and most of their names end in "el" , which means god.  El was the ancient god of the land of Canaan. The most famous and a counsel to the 200 was Azazel. His name would mean God of hardening or God of strengthening. Azazel brought to earth the secret art of strengthening or the hardening of metal, to make implements of war. This allowed mankind to make war on each other, and bring destruction upon the earth.

In  Chapter 8 of the Book of Enoch it states;

And Azazel taught men to make swords, and knives, and shields, and breastplates, and made known to them the metals of the earth and the art of working them, 

     Soon the heavens saw what the 200 Watchers had done to earthly man, and the destruction that was brought upon mankind, and they told this to God (Anu in Sumerian).

Thou seest what Azazel hath done, who hath taught all unrighteousness on earth and revealed the eternal secrets which were (preserved) in heaven, which men were striving to learn: And Semjaza, to whom Thou hast given authority to bear rule over his associates. And they have gone to the daughters of men upon the earth, and have slept with the women, and have defiled themselves, and revealed to them all kinds of sins. And the women have borne giants,

     Then the Lord God decreed, and spoke a command to Rafael his angle.

And again the Lord said to Raphael: 'Bind Azazel hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: and make an opening in the desert, which is in Dudael, and cast him therein. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that he may not see light. 

     There is a great battle that takes place at a site that was called Aryan-Waizan and many of the giants are killed, along with the death of angles including apparently Rafael. There is two great giants on earth that are brothers, and they seem to dominate the affairs of the other giants and man. There names are Ohya and Hahya/Ahya. These two giants have no equal and are seen as rulers of earth, and their rule would last forever.

      Ohya and Leviathan and Rafael are involved in a long protracted battle, in which all three disappear. This is a tale that apparently is retold many times to children using animals in place of giants and a monster.

like unto the fight in which Ohya, Leviathan, and Raphael lacerated each other, and they vanished; like unto the story in which a lion cub, a calf in a wood, and a fox lacerated each other, and they vanished.

     In Chapter 10 of the Book of Enoch it states that Semjaza will be bound and has to watch the slaughter of his children. The 200 are then imprisoned until judgement. This is clearly very similar to The Book of Jeremiah when the King of Babylon Nebuchadnezzar, binds the King of Judea, and forces him to watch as his children are all put to death, then he is blinded, and put into ever lasting darkness, when he is taken to Babylon where he is imprisoned for the rest of his life.

      This is at the ancient location of Riblah of Hamath. Riblah was an ancient crossroad, of three major routes. The road south went into the land of Judea, the route north into modern day Syria, and the route east went to Babylon and the valley of Sumer. Just as modern armies seizes important military crossroads, ancient armies did the same. The King of Babylon and a small army held this northern crossroad while his main invading army crushed Judea. This same military tactic was used earlier by the Egyptians when they conquered Judea.



      Did Rafael hold this crossroad, not allowing the giants to escape from the region of Lebanon, only too find himself in battle with the great giant Ohya and the monster Leviathan? Today Riblah is nothing more than a old grave site, but does this have significance to the battle of giants and gods.Were many of the giants rounded up and slaughtered before the Watchers at this site?

     The ancient gods were very vindictive and vengeful, and would take this opportunity to repeat what they felt as a personal wrong against their seed. They would have used Nebuchadnezzar to repeat this act at the same location to reinforce what was done to them and their seed, centuries earlier. It's also possible that some of the giants were buried there at Riblah, as evidence that even today it's a large ancient grave site.

     The ancient Greeks also told of this great battle between the Gods and Giants. This Greek bronze shows a giant throwing large rocks in their effort to overthrow the gods. The Viking's beliefs also included giants fighting the gods in their attempt to destroy Asgard, the home of the gods, but the gods fought back using a great hammer.
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    This ancient battle between gods and giants has been told down through the centuries, by many different peoples.

    The question that many ask is what happened to Azazel? The children of these gods that were left after the battle, the Nefilim, now would gather their dead and bury them. Then soon after, build a memorial for the en-captured Azazel. This was built at Baalbek. The size and immensity no man has seen or duplicated. Below is a stone that was never completed still lays near the site. German archaeologists recently found in February of 2015,  after extensive digging, the largest stone ever unearthed, which weighed in excess of 1650  long tons. This stone was found at Baalbek.

The ancient tales surrounding Baalbek is that it was built by giants prior to the flood, which coincides with the Book of Enoch. It's also possible that this site that stands as a memorial, is the site where Azazel is held in captivity in Dudael. In the text above, rocks are placed over his entombment. Could these be the giant stones at Baalbek that seal his exit?  Buried deep below this site, and bound is Azazel.

For further reading;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2013/06/the-temple-ruins-at-baalbek-lebanon.html

The Sumerians

                                        The Sumerians 
                          

     Human history  from a recorded historical view begins in the lower Mesopotamia, which means between the rivers. These two rivers are the Tigris in the north and the Euphrates in the south, which both drain into the Persian gulf. All of the major cities in ancient times with one exception, were built on the Euphrates, and none on the Tigris and for several good reasons.


                                        

The map of the Euphrates shows the ancient cities, that are no longer on the river, as the river has changed its course over time.
       The most important fact was that the Euphrates river facilitated itself to irrigation more so than the Tigris. The banks on the Euphrates are low and flat, while the banks of the Tigris are high, and more rugged, which would've meant the water from the Tigris, would have to be lifted, in order to irrigate. This also meant that the Tigris river banks were stronger not allowing the river to shift it's course through time. This was the exact opposite to the Euphrates, which through time has seen many major changes in it's course flowing south.  Many burial mounds of cities that existed in ancient times on the Euphrates are now miles east or west of the current Euphrates. These include the cities, Babylon, Kish, Nippur, Uruk,  which all at one time in their early existence,were situated on the Euphrates. Through diggings and the findings of ancient texts, it can now be determined without question, that these cities were all built on the Euphrates. This can be proved by one of Hammurabi's texts, that describes an order to dredge the Euphrates from Larsa to Ur, “clean out the stream of the Euphrates”. Both of these cities today, do not exist on the southern Euphrates.

      In comparing the ancient course of the Euphrates to the one that exists today, two very noticeable differences can be made. The middle course of the Euphrates has shifted dramatically west, while the very southerly section has shifted to the east. 

       The most notable geographical feature relating to the Mesopotamian valley is the flatness of the land, particularly near the Euphrates. This lends itself to intensive farming. The flatness of the valley has one very notable downside in ancient times. This was the fact that it's large and powerful cities, were difficult to defend. There was no natural defencive obstacles that would hinder the movement of invading armies. Wars and their subsequent armies were a very common occurrence in ancient times, and they all passed through the Mesopotamian valley. The other common feature that exists throughout this valley delta, is the lack of building material. With the exception of clay to build bricks, there is no stone, so the mighty cities along the Euphrates were all built of clay bricks, which over time, turns to mounds of dirt. There is one exception and that is the city of Eridu,( considered man's first city), which had some stone in it's construction.                                        

     The ancient city of Eridu, one of the five preflood cities, exists today as a mere dirt mound in modern southern Iraq. Clay bricks eventually turn to dirt, and without water for irrigation, the cities were eventually abandoned.

                                     

      These mighty cities of the Euphrates were in sharp contrast to the stone monuments erected by the Egyptians, which still stand today. The other downside to clay being the only building material, is that clay is the only material to write on. Hence clay tablets are all that exists today from this period, to study and learn from their culture. Though many have survived, clay tablets as a writing surface are not the most enduring. This again can be in contrast to the Egyptians who painted or carved their language onto stone. The Egyptian also wrote on papyrus, but many only exist in fragmented form today. 

       The first people to live in this valley were the Sumerians. They lived in the very southernmost region, bordering the Persian gulf and they called their valley, Sumer.  The Sumerians were the first in human history to have a written language. Symbols or letters that represent a phonic sound is what defines a written language, which is quite different than a series of pictures to represent an event or action. They wrote their language on a wet clay,often using a stylus. This form of writing came to be called cuneiform writing. They also developed a basic law code, and a legal system using cuneiform to keep legal records.

           

      The Sumerians had Gods. The  highest of these Gods was Anu, meaning heavenly one, or God of Heaven. The Princely offspring of Anu, were called the Anunnaki, meaning born of royal blood, and these lived amongst the Sumerians in a very symbiotic relationship.  Within the Anunnaki there was a counsel of leaders that directed and led the Anunnaki.  These Gods had no spirit form, as the God of the Bible. They were not perfect, all knowing or omnipotent. They were of human form, had human interest, as in they liked to drink beer, and have prolific sex with the beautiful women of Sumeria. The reason they were seen as Gods to the Sumerians is that they possessed technologies, unknown to the Sumerians. These technologies and sciences were taught to the Sumerians to improve their methods of intensive farming. Simple math, and building techniques were also taught. Therefore the Sumerians called them Great Gods. In essence the Anunnaki provided the technologies and the Sumerians did the work.

      The Sumerians were modest and humble which is reflected in their dress, consisting mainly of a simple tunic. They were clean shaven, and also were thought to shave their heads bare. In a more formal setting, the Sumerians would wear wigs. This form of modest dress was possibly in showing respect, as in having a humble attitude towards their Great Gods, whose dress was in sharp contrast to the Sumerians. These Anunnaki  wore heavily embroidered garments similar to Roman togas, with end of the material flung over one shoulder.  Their beards were long and braided, and their heads were full of wavy hair. The Annuna also wore a headdress which was the inverted horns(horn tips pointed inward)of a bull. This was evidently signaling their higher position in their order. The Sumerian men below show their simple dress appearance.

Fig. 1                                 

       The Sumerians were soon to have neighbours to the north of their valley. They were to be called Akkadians, named after their capital Akkad or Agade meaning born of Akkad. In Genesis 10:10 it mentions Akkad, pronouncing it Accad or in Greek Archad. The Akkadians were thought to have come from the south, led by their Anunnaki God, Dagan.

       These Akkadians were the first Semites on earth, and not of the same race as the Sumerians. The roots of the word Semite, is semen, and seed, these people being the seed of Dagan, their God. Their language was distinctly different than the Sumerians. The Sumerian language was built, by starting with a word and building more words around that single word to develop more complex thoughts and phrases, while the Akkadian language used roots, which may or may not have any meaning, then by changing letters with the root, different meaning are derived. The Akkadian language can be likened to an early version of Hebrew and as in our English language used roots, while the Sumerian language had no language that would, living or dead, be considered close to their ancient spoken or written language. The Akkadians did not have a written language so they borrowed the cuneiform style of writing from the Sumerians.

       Both Akkadians and Sumerians were competing for the same resources, food and land, on a very limited valley, which would have brought them into conflict. This conflict met its zenith, and turning point with the birth of  an Akkadian King, named Sargon. Dagan as all Anunnaki (Great Gods), had courtships and sex with numerous desirable and beautiful females within the region, and once Dagan saw a Priestess of Kish, that was especially beautiful, he sought her, and from this relations she gave birth to an illegitimate child, who came to be called Sargon. Through a series of events her son, Sargon becomes king, and immediately, sets out to conquer the entire southern Mesopotamia , including the Sumerians. With the help of Dagan, Sargon butchers and annihilates all the neighbouring territories and city states. Before long Sargon has the great southern Sumerian city of Ur in a long protracted siege.  After it's fall and with the Sumerian victory complete, he washes his hands and sword in the Persian gulf, as if saying he's “finished with it”, similar to Pontius Pilate washing his hands, centuries later. This then establishes the Semite kingdom as a leading power on earth, and abruptly ends the people of Sumer. Sargon's military victories enables Dagan's Semitic Kingdom to become the first, dominant power in earth's history.

       Early Sumerians all had one thing in common through out their many reliefs that illustrated them as a people. They were illustrated most often as naked. These illustrations depicted the early Sumerians as totally naked as they went about their daily chores. Totally without shame, similar to the Bible's story of Adam and Eve. They appeared on these reliefs also without any facial or body hair. Even their heads were hairless.



The Sumerians above are at work serving drink and food totally naked and hairless. These early Sumerians were called, "the black headed people", which seems to indicate, by the phrase "black headed" that they had no hair on their heads, or exactly as they were illustrated in their reliefs.

       The Sumerians were in direct contrast to their Great Gods. These Gods, seen in the figure below, had enormous amounts of body and facial hair. If you look closely to their facial features, in the relief below, you'll notice large over sized eyes, large drooping noses, and over sized ears. These features are often seen amongst the people of India and the Indus Valley. Did these Gods and their prolific sexual encounters with the women of the valleys of Indus and Sumer transfer their genes to man, that produced body hair and distinct facial features?




       Native peoples today, throughout the world, are basically without body and facial hair. Native people of North and South America, along with native peoples in the Pacific Islands, do not have facial beards. The reason for this, would be that they had no direct contact with these ancient gods. Peoples that have facial hair today are from the Middle East and the India. As civilisations moved North and West, these genes came with them. Central and Western Europeans also have this gene for facial hair. Still man's early gene that produced no head of hair, often appears as baldness, as seen in many Western European peoples.

      This seems to confirm that mankind today, is a hybrid of early man and their gods. The genes of both are apart of modern mankind.

       The Sumerians also had their Hero's. Gilgamesh was the greatest. He reigned as the King of Uruk, so he was both a mythological figure and a real figure. The acts he performed distinguished his bravery, which resulted in these stories gaining mythical proportions. These elevated tales of Gilgamesh were discovered in the British Museum in 1872, by George Smith. These tablets were earlier brought to England from their discovery in the great Library of Nineveh.


                                                  

Shown above is a relief of Gilgamesh, with his full facial beard, which he would have inherited from his mother a goddess. He therefore was what the Greeks referred to as a demi god, because he was half god. The genes of his mother were now part of his DNA.

       The tales of Gilgamesh and his heroic adventures, can be likened to a Greek Heroes. The Greek tale of Jason and the Argonauts describes his adventure into the Black Sea in search of the golden fleece. The account is so well described that it allows modern readers of the tale to follow his exact travels. This is similar to the tale of Gilgamesh. His great adventure likewise can be followed, as if on a tourist map, as he slays evil and monsters alike.

       The Tale of Gilgamesh also has an entirely different twist. In the Book of Enoch; which has several books including The Book of the Giants, Gilgamesh is mentioned twice. The only time his name is mentioned outside of cuneiform text. His name mentioned twice from two completely unrelated sources points to him being an actual personage. The text from the Book of Giants; the giants are discussing a dream;

1 concerns the death of our souls [ . . . ] and all his comrades, [and Oh]ya told them what Gilgamesh said to him 2[ . . . ] and it was said [ . . . ] "concerning [ . . . ] the leader has cursed the potentates" 3 and the giants were glad at his words. Then he turned and left [ . . . ]

        Gilgamesh is not a hero figure, as in Sumeria, but in the Book of Giants, the opposite is true. He is part of the Nefilim (giants) and monsters, that inhabit the earth and bring ruin and evil upon it's people. Quite a shocking difference. In the Book of Giants it states that 200 Gods (watchers) came down to earth and had relations with earthly women and animals that produced offspring, that were called giants and  monsters. Book of Giants reads;

 they defiled [ . . . ] 2[ . . . they begot] giants and monsters [ . . . ] 3[ . . . ] they begot, and, behold, all [the earth was corrupted . . . ] 4[ . . . ] with its blood and by the hand of [ . . . ] 5[giant's] which did not suffice for them and [ . . . ] 6[ . . . ] and they were seeking to devour many [ . . . ] 7[ . . . ] 8[ . . . ] the monsters attacked it.

       In the Sumerian account it speaks of 300 gods, (annunaki) that come down to earth, and administer the fate of man. A certain Sumerian does run with wild animals and has sexual relations with them, but this is frowned upon by Gilgamesh and the other Sumerians. Gilgamesh then takes necessary steps to stop these illicit acts. At no time is there ever any offspring from these relationships.  This is one of the discerning turning points between the Enoch's account and the Sumerian account, the resulting offspring between man and gods.

      Gilgamesh, though seen as a Sumerian hero, but still is definitely a Nefilim, controlling the fate of man, taking what he wants, including wives for himself. Sumerian test reads;

"Gilgamesh did not allow any virgin to be together with the one she loved,"

       In the Bibles account this offspring, between man and gods, is sinful, and leads to ruin, that must be destroyed and removed from the surface of the earth. In the Sumerian account the Nefilim were to lead to man's genetic improvement, and ultimately improving his physical statute and mental abilities. The question that the Book of Enoch raises is would this level of mankind cooperating with the Nefilim continue forever? As the Book of Enoch suggests there is eventual conflict, between man and the Nefilim.

       In the dreams that the giants are having, it would point to their destruction. They become frightened and ask Enoch to interpret their dreams. Enoch tells of their fate, which is the result of the ruin that they have brought upon the earth.

       These two varied accounts really illustrate the Bible's religious view of good v.s. bad, sex and it leads to sin theory,which is in direct contrast to the Sumerian account which would embrace the idea of miscegenation for enhancing mankind. Conflict though, would soon arise.

      The Sumerians had a counting system based on 60, (10 and 6). This seems rather difficult in calculations, but this system, has given us the 60, in seconds in a minute,and 60 minutes in an hour. The Sumerians also had a rather developed legal system, and the one significant thing we still use from them today is the seal. Any legal document had to have seal before it was considered legal. This carried on down through Roman times and even today. That little red dot beside your signature on a legal document, is from the Sumerian seal.

       The Sumerians left us with our first written language, our first legal code, and an insight into mankind's earliest developments of civilization.

     


For further reading;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2013/06/the-temple-ruins-at-baalbek-lebanon.html

The Temple Ruins at Baalbek Lebanon

                                                                 Baalbek


        The Roman temple Heliopolis, which parts are still standing in the figure seen below, was built on a much older site. The original site was thousands of years older. Indications are that the Romans used this site for their temple, was because of the massive foundation that was previously built. Note from the picture below, the Roman temple falls short on one side of the original foundation , while it is true and flush with the other side of the foundation. This indicates that the foundation was not built for the Roman temple, but was built much earlier. It's original purpose is unknown.



        Take note of the two men in the centre of the picture below, and their size comparison to the foundation stones, directly below them. These cut and heavily worked stones are the largest formed stones in the history of the world. Some are weighing upwards to 1500 short tons. Each of these stones is unique in that it is cut and formed for one precise location.



        The first thing of notice is that the stones above the early foundation stone seemed to be laid quite haphazard. The reasons are somewhat unclear, but it seems these stones were gathered much later, after the Roman temple had fallen into disrepair, and reformed into a fortress. This could have been the work of the Crusaders, though that is unclear.

        What this does clearly indicate, is that early mankind, was highly skilled. and able to build technically advanced buildings, with seemingly no tools. Designing the buildings often begins with failures. After a number of attempts, construction techniques evolve. My problem is not the building itself but the tools used, considering that copper and bronze were the only such tools available.

        An example of this is the drilling for oil in the 20th century. Early oil wells were quite shallow and often found in sedimentary regions. The early technique for finding oil was dropping a drill bit down a well hole over and over again, or by punching the bit deeper into the ground. This type of operation took upwards to a year to put a hole into an oil formation.This was somewhat effective until the bit hit a rock formation.

        Hughes Drilling, (Howard Hughes) from California, then discovered the rotary bit, which enabled drilling into rock formations and finding America's oil pools . This allowed for the huge discovery of oil, and the eventual wealth and advancement of America.  My point is a proper tool was required to advance mankind.

       No tool that we know of today, would allow these ancient people to build, construct, and  move these huge megalithic stones into a foundation site. Bottom picture is the largest crane in the world, and it's still not big enough.

                            

        Two Questions;
        How were these giant stone cut and formed?
        How were these giant stone moved, and elevated into position? I'm not sure any modern machine today could perform this feat.

        There is No proof or indication of what this early temple foundation was built for, and any attempt at explaining this is only pure speculation. Local legends do tell of the structure predating the flood. After it was partially destroyed by the flood waters it was later said to be rebuilt by "giants". Are these the "giants" mentioned in the Bible and in the Book of Enoch as the Nefilim? The sons of the great gods. Was this an ancient temple or monument built by the Nefilim, for their own purpose?

         This can be said however; considering the size and the amount of resources required in it's construction, the site was extremely important to someone, or some group of people.

For further reading;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2013/03/the-nefilim.html

Blue Hole

                                       The Blue Hole

          The Blue Hole in the Caribbean off the coast of Belize is a famous dive site. It's not just famous for it's exotic location, beautiful blue water, or it's warm friendly people. The Blue hole is a geological dream. Sport divers like myself limit themselves to 100 feet, when diving, but if you do a bounce dive, you can dive the Blue Hole and discover an astounding cave.




          At a depth of 160 feet a cave is seen of the sidewall of the Hole. By peering into the cave you will see
stalagmites. Stalagmites can only be formed after millions of years of water dripping from the top of the cave. The minerals in the water accumulate over time causing a buildup of these wonderful and weird formations.

         This must mean that at one time, this part of the world was above water by at least 160 feet,and only after a lot of water covered the area did the cave fall well below sea level.  

          This just confirms that at one time the earth had a very different topography, and ocean water levels were much lower. Consider this with the fact that with the formation of stalagmites, this indicates that rainfall and moisture were abundant on the earth millions of years ago. Where did all the water come from to cause such large changes and shifts in the earth's plates? The earth's oceans at one time had far less water in them. Water levels rose because of a large change in the absolute amount of water.

          The earth at one time had a heavy/liquid outer atmosphere of water and water vapour, that produced a green house effect on earth. This allowed for sub tropical conditions to exist, that would support large reptiles. Not all of the earth's atmosphere was like this outer atmosphere. The inner atmosphere was a much lighter mixture of gases, that allowed for breathable air.The earth's outer atmosphere would be similar to the outer atmospheres, of the outer 4 planets, from Jupiter onward that still exist today. A single event would cause this outer atmosphere to fall to the earth as a heavy rain.



            The two step atmosphere is illustrated in the above diagram of Jupiter. The planets itself is a small part of the entire image. This is the only way the planet's mass can be described, after taking into account Jupiter's very low specific gravity, is Jupiter having a two step atmosphere.

            The reason this outer atmosphere destabilized it's rotation and like a satellite after losing its orbital speed it fell to the earth, was because the 7th planet, now the asteroid belt, exploded. The explosion of the 7th planet released a huge amount of asteroids upon the solar system. This wave of asteroids literally destroyed Mar's once water filled environment. The Earth's atmosphere and environment were soon to follow. This destabilized outer atmosphere then fell like a heavy rain upon the earth. The ancient Sumerians tell of a immense flood that occurred. The Bible describes this event as the Flood, the Day of our Lord.

             The resulting lose of Earth's outer atmosphere from these numerous asteroid collisions eventually produced an over whelming amount of rainfall. This led to rising world ocean levels and shifting plates as water pressures increased. The Earth survived simply because not all of it's atmosphere was lost, but Mars was not so lucky.

For further readings;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2012/11/kronos.html


         

   

Egyptian Hieroglyphs

                            Historical Background of Egyptian Hieroglyphs

                        

                        

                                    1) In 1799  a Frenchman, attached to Napoleon’s army found the Rosetta Stone near Alexandria in Egypt

The Rosetta stone;                                   

                                   2)After the surrender of Egypt to the British forces in 1801, the Rosetta stone, eventually landed in the British Museum.

                                    3)The Rosetta stone, had three identical texts written in three languages. Two of these were in Egyptian, one of these being Hieroglyphs, and the other in Greek.

                                    4) Two men eventually were able to decipher the Egyptian text on the stone by 1822. First Young, an Englishman, was able to decipher the cartouches. These were 7 exact symbols of a Pharaoh's name surrounded by an elliptical circle with a horizontal line at one end, found written on the stone. Later a Frenchman, Champollion, was able to decode the rest of the text, all with the aid of the Greek inscription.
                                     5) An usual aspect of Hieroglyphics is it can be written and read in several directions as in top to bottom or right to left, which is usual.. The key to reading the text really depends on which way the characters are facing. If they face to the right then the text is read from the right.

                              

Hatshepsut Cartouche

                                 


Above are examples of Egyptians text representative of the word Ramsses in numerous cartouches..

       1) The Circle or the God Ra in the cartouche gives the sound "Rah". Often the circle, representing the sun, will have a dot in the centre.
       2) The hanging plant with 3 limbs gives the sound "M" ( from good to eat sound, plant looks very much like the letter "M")
       3) The double staffs or sticks, gives the sound "S,S"
       4) The hanging plant and the staff together, gives the sound, "MEES"
     
       The proper way to pronounce Ramsses, Is not RAM-first syllable, SES 2nd syllable. There is no RAM syllable in ancient Egyptian. Ra is the Sun God not Ram. The correct syllables and pronunciation is RAH- MSES.   (Ra- me- ss) Similar to the word David. David is a Hebrew name and is pronounced. DAH-VEED.The English pronunciation is DA-VID, which is incorrect.

        The Egyptians also had representation of the cartouche that included an Omega like object (symbol) that connects man to the chariots of the Gods.  An artistic representation of the chariots of the Gods from the Sumerians, that the Egyptians used is the figure below. Note what is held in it's claws, and it's shape. 

                               

         

            In this case of the Egyptians, the object was the Shen, the Symbol that represented eternity, which in the figure above is holding in his claws. The Shen is made up of a rope and staff, that is also depicted in an elongated form, known as a cartouche. In the cartouche, the rope is extended to surround a King's name. Hence Shen can also mean, "to encircle". Both  the Omega and the Shen are quite similar in appearance, and had similar meaning to these ancient people.

           The ancient people of Israel also had their God that held a shen;

        Ezekiel in his vision for the rebuilding of the 2nd temple, (Ezekiel 40 2-4); he was approached by  YHWH caring a Shen. "In a Godly vision,...approached by a man who had the appearance of bronze and who held in his hand a flaxen string and a measuring rod."

            The Sumerians also had a Shen like object, seen in the figure below, which was again represented by a measuring staff and rope. (Compare it to the Egyptian Shen) The Anunnaki figure holding it shows his authority in measuring mans life.

The Shen throughout the ancient peoples on various religions and ethnic groups all seemed to have a symbol, Shen, Cartouche, or the Omega that represented life.

                                    5)With the fall of Egypt's power, Egypt became more isolated. It's religion and it's Hieroglyphic texts became more obscure. There may have been a time when foreign scholars, Roman and Greek, could read Egyptian text, but this is unknown. By the 1st  Century A.D., Hieroglyphs certainly was falling into disuse.

For further reading;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2013/05/the-peoples-and-languages-shifting.html

                                  

Germany in WW 2 builds a "Chariot of the Gods"

 
                       Germany Builds a "CHARIOT of the GODS"

      In the early 1930's the Nazi party sent representatives to India and Tibet in an effort to learn from the Sanskrit writing, particularly from one book entitled, "The Secrets of Gravitation".

      This book spoke of flying vehicles that had immense power. These flying cars were called Vimanas. They were briefly described as being bell shaped, that exhibited great speed and with powerful weapons.

"iron machines, well-knit and smooth, with a charge of mercury that shot out of the back in the form of a roaring flame."
 a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe."

      The similarities to these flying "Vimanas" to the flying "Chariots of the Gods" that were detailed in the ancient reliefs by the Sumerians cannot be denied. Both were used in efforts by their Gods to control the fate of man. These flying vehicles, were used by the Gods, in their wars with each other. The ancient sanskrit even calls them "chariots" as indicated by the following script.

"The Pushpaka chariot that resembles the Sun and belongs to my brother was brought by the powerful Ravana; that aerial and excellent car going everywhere at will"

From the descriptions given in the Sanskrit  a "bell shaped craft" can be drawn.This design was copied years later by the Germans in their effort to gain the power of the Vimanas.

      These texts give a somewhat fanciful descriptions of these vehicles, but the element Mercury is mentioned, as an operational part of their construction. Germany in the second world war, also seemed quite interested in these descriptions, as a large amount of resources were spent in an effort to build such a craft, named the Bell Project. The RAF noticed at this time a very large magnetic field around the site where the project was assembling the craft. They ordered their planes to stay away from this area, for fear of electrical interference.

      The Germans did build a hydro dam to supply power to the project, that appears to produce DC current, in an effort to make a large electromagnet to produce a large magnetic field. Many of those that worked on the project died, or were murdered, or simply disappeared. The medical records of those that died, seems to point to Mercury poisoning, though Mercury was never mentioned being used by the Germans.

       My question is what did the Germans find out, and why the use of a large magnetic field? German research during the war has been the only attempt in history to duplicate the mechanical movement of the chariot of the Gods. Maybe it's time again to attempt this reconstruction.



       No photos of the Bell exist, but many believe this may resemble the Bell, which was built and operated in Silesia, which is now part of Poland. The liquid that was used, was even more secretive, and known as Xerum 525, and had a distinctive blue/green colour.

       From questioning those that survived, the Bell consisted of 2 counter rotating cylinders, that were spinning inside a very large magnetic field. Could this be similar to the Chariot of Ezekiel which had a wheel within a spinning wheel?

       Ezekiel Chapter 10 verse 10; they four had one likeness, as if a wheel had been in the midst of a wheel.

       The German researchers could only run the "Bell" for a very short time. Those that were close to the project either were killed or sickened by it's operation. All the scientists and technical staff that worked on the project, were  assassinated by the SS, before the  wars close.

       The Egyptians also described these flying chariots. These appeared for a period of some time over the Nile Valley, and later were drawn by those that observed them. This was recorded on papyrus.

       The Tulli papyrus (below) was accompanied with hieroglyphic text, giving a 1 rod dimension to wheels of these numerous objects, seen at the top of the drawing.. A certain amount of fear along with amazement resulted, as the army of the King was gathered and assembled at the site, as a protection against these chariots, that were becoming more numerous. They soon disappeared, and moved to the south. To assemble an whole army would have taken days, if not weeks, suggesting these objects remained in view for some time. The recorded text also mentions a foul smell and bright lights that coincided with their appearance. This bright light is also what Ezekiel described in his encounter with God's chariot.

      Verse 4; I looked, and I saw a windstorm coming out of the north--an immense cloud with flashing lightning and surrounded by brilliant light. The center of the fire looked like glowing metal 








       What the German found from their research, is unknown but widely debated. It was man's first attempt to construct these chariots of the Gods.

For further readings;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2012/11/time-and-space-contraction.html

The Babylonian History of Mankind Included a Great Creature Named Oannes

                              Oannes and the Annedoti
        The ancient history of the Sumerians, Assyrians and Babylonians all are dominated by reliefs of figures that feature a 1/2 human 1/2 fish resemblance.


                                                 
                                           


                                                     

The figurines above came from Nineveh, that show the creature 1/2 fish 1/2 man Oannes.

        The original text has been lost, but was later recorded with diligence by an ancient Greek named Berossus, that was first translated in 1876. The text records the traditional history of mankind known by the Babylonians. Their development was possible because of the knowledge that was given to  mankind by an Amphibious creature, 1/2 man and 1/2 fish, named Oannes. Oannes was from the Musari or the Annedoti creatures. Oannes first appeared to mankind during the reign of Ammenon of Babylon. The word, "Annedoti" means repulsive, while the word "Mursarus" means abomination. Evidently Oannes and the Annedoti were extremely offensive to mankind. They were literally ugly monsters, that repulsed man, but were totally benign. What Oannes did was to depart to man knowledge.

        The text below is part of that translation;
In the first year there made its appearance, from a part of the Erythraean sea which bordered upon Babylonia, an animal endowed with reason, who was called Oannes. (According to the account of Apollodorus) the whole body of the animal was like that of a fish; and had under a fish's head another head, and also feet below, similar to those of a man, subjoined to the fish's tail. His voice too, and language, was articulate and human; and a representation of him is preserved even to this day. 

This Being in the day-time used to converse with men; but took no food at that season; and he gave them an insight into letters and sciences, and every kind of art. He taught them to construct houses, to found temples, to compile laws, and explained to them the principles of geometrical knowledge. He made them distinguish the seeds of the earth, and showed them how to collect fruits; in short, he instructed them in every thing which could tend to soften manners and humanize mankind. From that time, so universal were his instructions, nothing has been added material by way of improvement. When the sun set, it was the custom of this Being to plunge again into the sea, and abide all night in the deep; for he was amphibious. 

After this there appeared other animals like Oannes, of which Berossus promises to give an account when he comes to the history of the kings. 

NOTE; The Erythraean Sea is now called the Arabian Sea.

         Can the history of man be believed from the stories, myths traditions of ancient people. Is it possible that at the very beginning there existed 2 distinct species of mankind? They were able to coexist.

           

         Enki's, the Sumerian God, in the relief above, pictures him atop his Ziggurat, with his signature water pouring form his image. This water depicts his power over the Abzu. The Ziggurats were thought to have large basins of water, at their top. Were the Abzu, and their water ceremony, more than just a religious act, but a significant part of the these Great Gods life? Were the Abzu necessary for the Great Gods existence? Just as Oannes had to return each night to live in the Ocean, did the Anunnaki have to return to the Abzu, which contained a transformed water, since they were a considerable distance from the Ocean.

Here is shown a Great God ascending out of the Abzu which is located atop the Ziggurat.

         In Canaan, Dagan is seen as a half fish, and there are reliefs throughout the ancient world that show a half man, half fish God, that is thought to be Dagan.. Could it be that the Anunnaki take a form other than man in the underworld? Is Dagan one such creature?                      

         In Exodus 33:20, Yahweh is speaking to Moses; "No man can see me and live". Is the reason that Dagan/Yahweh is unwilling to show himself, is that he is an abomination to mankind? That his appearance doesn't project an image of worship, but projects horror. The ancient figure below illustrates Dagan. 

                            

         In the Sumerian language, priest or priestess, has been translated, into the word "changeling". The Sumerians, in their reliefs of the Anunnaki were again merely drawing what they observed, or were they myths? Were the Annunaki able to transform into a human form? The fishman figure below were common in the ancient world.

 

          What makes the stories believable is that these fish like humans were drawn in reliefs throughout ancient history, and that they were considered an abomination by man. If you were writing a myth, why would you make these creatures repulsive to man, and yet beneficial?

          For further information on the ABZU of Sumeria go to blog site;

http://trueancienthistory.blogspot.ca/2013/05/the-sumerian-abzu.html